对古代讼师的法文化考察——以民间法与国家法的两分为视角

A Legal Cultural Study of Ancient Suit Mongers:From the Perspectives of Customary Law and National Law

对于讼师这一中国古代法制史上的特殊群体,从国家和民众两种立场出发进行考察,所得出的相关结论是相悖的。从法文化的深层结构和表层结构分析,造成这种悖论的原因是:国家法文化所倡导的"无讼"观念以及由此建立的法律制度必然排斥讼师的存在,因而对讼师的评价只能是反面的;而民间法文化中"好讼"的观念倾向以及"健讼"的实践却使讼师成为不可缺少并得到大力发展的职业群体,因而对讼师的评价也大都是正面的。这种不同立场比较下的考察会对我们全面认识讼师有所裨益。

If the suit mongers, a special group of people in Chinese legal history, are examined from the perspectives of the state and ordinary people, conflicting conclusions can be arrived at. Analysis of the causes in terms of the deep structure and surface structure of legal culture reveals that the legal culture of the state advocate the idea of ＂no suit＂, that the legal system built upon this idea inevitably repels suit mongers, and that the evaluation of suit mongers is negative; in contrast, the inclination towards suit in folk legal Culture and legal practice encourages the involvement of suit mongers in legal cases, and thus people＇s evaluation of suit mongers and their profession is largely positive. A comparative study of this group of people will help us have a better understanding of suit mongers.