有限责任公司的人合性及其对公司治理的影响

The Human Joining of the LLC and its Impact on Company Governance

有限责任公司良好治理的实现,依赖于对其特点的客观认识,有限责任公司的基本特点是其资合性兼人合性,或直接称为人合性,此特点的渊源在于该公司形式的特别设计。其含义包括两个方面,对内是指公司内部运转及权利义务分配,以资本多数决原则和股东人数多数决原则的混合适用为依据,甚至允许股东一致决原则的存在;对外则是指有限责任公司相对人的交易风险的保障主要由公司资产承担,但在一定程度上同时由公司股东承担。有限责任公司的人合性派生出了有限责任公司的另两个重要特点:封闭性和所有与经营的一致性。在人合性的直接和间接的影响下,与股份有限责任公司相比,有限责任公司治理的优势及缺陷均非常突出:其优势表现为低廉的治理及经营成本,其劣势表现为公司人格与股东人格易于混同以及公司易陷于运转不畅。

The realization of the good governance of the LLC relies on the objective understanding to the human joining of the LLC, which is characterized by its mixed fit of capital and human joining, or simply human joining. This characteristic, which is part of the nature of businesses of this type, has two meanings ： on the one hand, in terms of its internal operations and management, decisions are made according to the amount of capital invested and the majority of shareholders, and in terms of external affairs, transaction risks should be taken by the company, but at the same to a certain degree by shareholders. The human joining has given rise to two more important characteristics of the LLC ： closure and the uniformity of ownership and management. Under the direct and indirect influence of human joining, the limited liability company＇s weakness and strengths are extremely prominent compared with the stock limited liability company.