论《公约》框架下违约之际的风险负担问题

On the Risk Bearing When the Seller or Buyer Breaches the Contract Under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods.

《公约》的三种风险负担模式都是建立在双方均无违约的情况下的,但在实践中风险损失往往与违约所造成的损失交合在一起,这种情况下如何进行损失分配即为违约之际的风险负担问题。针对这一问题,由于学界对《公约》第70条的理解不一致而存在很大的分歧。文章在公约框架内,从违约责任与风险负担的一般关系出发,通过对《公约》第70条及其它条文的分析,指出一般性违约不影响风险转移,卖方的根本性违约是否影响风险转移则取决于买方所采取的违约救济措施,而买方的根本性违约则直接导致风险的提前转移。

The risk passing modes in the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods all have been set up on the situation that none of the seller and buyer breaches the contract, whereas the loss or damage caused by risk and by breach of contract mix together on practice. Bifurcations exist on the understanding of article 70 in the convention about the loss or damage assignation under the above situation in the academic circle. This thesis analyzes the risk passing articles in the convention from the view of the relationship between the responsibility for breach of contract and risk bearing. It points out that the run - of - mill breach of contract will not influence the risk passing; moreover, the radical breach of contract behavior for the buyer results in the advance risk passing and depends on the buyer＇s relieving measures for the seller.