中国冬、春性小麦品种遗传多样性的微卫星标记分析

Genetic Diversity of Chinese Winter and Spring Wheat Varieties Detected by Microsatellite Markers

为了明确中国目前各麦区育成品种的遗传基础，为育种工作者提供育种材料的遗传变异信息，利用141对SSR标记对中国冬、春麦区的73份小麦材料进行了遗传多样性分析，共检测出513个等位位点，每对引物等位变异数为2～10，平均为3．61；多态性信息指数（PIC）为0．08～0．88，平均为0．60。遗传距离（GD）为0．12～0．48，平均为0．35。聚类分析结果显示，73个品种聚为四大类11个组，在一定程度上反映了供试材料的冬春性差异及品种之间的亲缘关系。对7个部分同源群多样性的比较结果表明，4和6两个部分同源群多样性较低。并对小麦品种遗传基础狭窄的原因以及拓宽中国小麦品种遗传基础的可能途径进行了讨论。

To explore the relationship and genetic diversity of winter and spring wheat varieties in China, 141 microsatellite markers located on 21 chromosomes of wheat were applied to investigate the genetic diversity among 73 Chinese winter and spring wheat varieties （Triticum aestivum L. ）. A total of 513 alleles had been identified in these varieties. Each pair of primers could detect 2 to 10 alleles with an average of 3.61. The mean polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.60, varying from 0.08 to 0.88. Based on cluster analysis, the 73 wheat varieties could be clustered into 4 groups, which is generally agree with pedigree analysis. Diversity analysis showed that the PIC values of homelogous groups 4 and 6 were lower. The reasons for narrow genetic basis and the solutions to broaden the genetic basis were discussed.