茉莉酸甲酯与水杨酸对光温敏雄性不育小麦颖花开闭的调控

Hormonal Regulation of Glume Opening and Closure of Photo-thermo-sensitive Male Sterility Wheat by Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid

为探索雄性不育小麦小花颖壳开闭人工调控的有效途径,将离体穗或连体穗用茉莉酸甲酯(Methyl jasmonate,MeJA)或水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)溶液浸穗,研究了MeJA与SA对光温敏雄性不育小麦BS366(Triticum aestivumL.)颖花开闭的诱导效应。结果表明,0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 mmol/L MeJA均可显著诱导BS366离体穗开颖,并且诱导效应随浓度的增加而增强;1.0、2.0、4.0 mmol/L MeJA诱导的开颖率无显著差异,三者在处理后12 h内可诱导大部分的小花开颖,并且对低结实率的诱导效应更明显。适播(自交结实率为0%)的BS366对MeJA响应速度起初略快于晚播(自交结实率为7%),之后适播的BS366开颖率的增长呈先慢后快的变化,晚播的BS366则呈先快后慢的变化。4.0 mmol/L MeJA亦可显著诱导田间连体穗开颖,MeJA处理后第1 d和第5 d人工授粉的结实率达80.4%和91.3%,表明MeJA处理对雌蕊无副作用。5.0和10.0 mmol/L的SA对MeJA诱导离体麦穗开颖的效应有明显的抑制效应,而2.0 mmol/L的SA没有抑制效应;各浓度的SA均能显著促进经MeJA诱导开颖的小花闭颖,5.0和10.0 mmol/L SA的效应更为明显。

Effects of methyl jasmonate （MeJA） and salicylic acid （SA） on glume opening and closure were investigated in photo-thermo-sensitive male sterility wheat line BS366 （Triticum aestivum L. ）. Excised or intact spikes were soaked in MeJA or SA solution for 2 min. The results showed that MeJA at the concentration of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mmol/L significantly promoted glume opening of BS366 planted at suitable （SP） or later （LP） date. The higher the concentration of MeJA is, the stronger the effect of MeJA on glume opening is. MeJA at the concentration of 1.0, 2.0, 4.0mmol/L could induce most glume opening after 12 hours treatment and had more significant effect of MeJA on glume opening in BS366 planted at SP, and they had no significant difference in statistics. The changes in num- bers of glumes opening were slow after early time treatment and quick after late time treatement in BS366 planted at SP（Self seed setting rate is 0）, and were quick after early time treatment and slow after late time treatment in BS366 planted at LP（Self seed setting rate 7%）. In the filed, glumes opening of BS366 planted at SP could be markedly induced by MeJA at the concentration of 4.0 mmol/ L. The rate of seed setting were 80. 4% and 91.3% on the first day and fifth day after MeJA treat-florets treated by 0 mmol/L SA was 35.3 %.