冬小麦籽粒形成与幼穗发育的关系研究

Relationship between Grain Formation and Young Spike Development of Winter Wheat

为了稳定提高小麦粒重,通过多年对郑引一号、百泉41等多个品种的连续观察和测定,研究了冬小麦籽粒形成与幼穗发育的关系。结果表明,幼穗发育进程是影响早期粒重的主导因素,特别是幼穗发育的中后期,其发育强度对早期粒重的影响更为明显。无论哪种类型的品种,在幼穗发育快,特别是护颖分化期以后幼穗发育强度大的年份,其早期粒重高。早期粒重是最终粒重的基础,早期粒重高的年份,最终粒重通常也比较高。在这些观察与分析的基础上,提出了容易形成早期高粒重的发育进程指标及其相应的植株形态指标。

In order to stabilize and raise wheat grain weight, the relationship between the grain formation and the young spike development of winter wheat was studied through continuous observation and measurement on several wheat cultivars, such as Zhengyin 1 and Baiquan 41, for many years. The results showed that the process of young spike development was the leading factor that influenced early grain weight, especially in the middle-late stage of young spike development, the intensity of young spike development at this stage had an significant effect on early grain weight. Its early grain weight was high in years when young spike development was fast, especially the intensity of young spike development was great after glume formation, no matter which cultivar was. Early grain weight was the base of final grain weight. The final grain weight was always higher in high early grain years. The indices of the process of young spike development and the indices of its corresponding plant conformation to tend to form high early grain weight were put forward. All of these are to provide foundation for making effective agricultural measures and they play a major role in stabilizing and raising grain weight and obtaining high final grain yield.