河西绿洲灌区不同灌溉模式下春小麦主要农艺性状与产量和WUE的灰色关联分析

Gray Relevant Analysis between Yield and Main Agronomic Characteristics in Spring Wheat under Different Water Model at Hexi Oasis

为了给节水灌溉条件下春小麦的选育和栽培提供依据,选用15个春小麦品种(系),在冬灌1 800 m3.ha-1的基础上,在3次灌水处理(T1:拔节期、开花期、乳熟期)、2次灌水处理(T2:拔节期、开花期)和1次灌水处理(T3:拔节期)条件下,应用灰色系统理论对农艺性状与产量和水分利用效率的灰色关联度进行了分析。结果表明,春小麦产量和水分利用效率平均值都为T2>T1>T3,二者与主要性状的关联度顺序分别为T1模式下:千粒重>穗长>单位面积穗数>生育期>株高>穗粒数,生育期>千粒重>株高>穗长>穗数>穗粒数;T2均为:千粒重>株高>穗粒数>生育期>单位面积穗数>穗长,千粒重>穗粒数>株高>穗数>生育期>穗长;T3模式下相同:千粒重>穗长>单位面积穗数>株高>生育期>穗粒数。因此,河西绿洲灌区在T2灌溉模式下可能获得高产育种和高水分利用效率育种的同步实现,该模式下春小麦育种的主攻方向为:在选择大粒、大穗的同时,处理好对株高的选择与抗倒伏的关系。

To provide informations for breeding and cultivation of spring wheat under water-saving conditions, the grey relevant grade was analyzed between main agronomic characters and the grain yield and water use efficiency of 15 spring wheat varieties. Based on winter flooding（1 800 m^3/ ha）, three treatments of water supply according to growing stages were designed as follows. T1 （watering three times at jointing,anthesis and milk stages, respectively）, T2 （watering two times at jointing and anthesis stages, respectively）and T3 （watering only at jointing stage）. The water quantity was 1 050 m^3/ ha for each time,total water supply of the three treatments were 3 150 m%3/ha（T1 ）,2 100 m^3/ha （Te） and 1 050 m^3/ha（T3）, respectively. The results showed that the yield and water use efficiency of different water supply model were all T2〉T1〉T3. The grey relevant grade between spring wheat yield and the other main agronomic characters are as follows： 1000-grain weight〉spike length〉 spike number per hectare 〉 growth duration 〉 plant height 〉grain number per spike for T1, 1000-grain weight 〉 plant height 〉 grain number per spike 〉 growth duration 〉 spike number per hectare spike length for T2 and 1000-grain weight ） spike length ） spike number per hectare ） plant height growth duration . grain number per spike for T3. The grey relevant grade between water use efficiency and the other main agronomic characters are as follows〉 growth duration〉1000-grain weight〉plant height〉 spike length〉 spike number per hectare〉grain number per spike for T1, 1000-grain weight〉grain number per spike 〉 plant height 〉 spike number per hectare 〉 growth duration 〉 spike length for T2 and 1000-grain weight 〉 spike length 〉 spike number per hectare 〉 plant height 〉 growth duration 〉 grain number per spike for T3. Through this study, conclusion could be draw out that the target of high yield and high water use efficiency could be realized through T2 water supply model and the relationship between plant height and lodging resistance should be well harmonized at the mean time of choosing long spike length and higher 1000-grain weight.