上海浦东新区土地利用变化及其生态环境效应

CHANGES IN LAND-USE AND LAND-COVER AND THEIR EFFECT ON ECO-ENVIRONMENT IN PUDONG NEW AREA OF SHANGHAI

上海浦东新区是我国快速城市化的典型地区,尤其1990-2001年,是浦东新区快速城市建设和扩展时期。依据1990、2001年两时相的卫星遥感数据,运用图像处理软件进行监督分类,提取了浦东新区两时相土地利用信息,分析了浦东新区1990-2001年土地利用变化特点和土地利用类型的转化特征,探讨土地利用的变化对生态环境的效应。研究表明：①11年间浦东新区农业用地和水体急剧减少,其中农业用地减少了58.16%,水体减少了17.4%;②1990-2001年浦东新区城市扩展用地55%由农业用地转化而来,35.26%由水体转化而来;③土地利用的快速变化引发了水资源面积减少、水体污染加重和需水量增加,以及大气污染加重、大气温度上升和地面热中心面积扩大等生态环境问题。

Changes in land use and cover （LUCC） and their effect on eco-environment have attracted more and more researchers. This paper is to reveal fast urban land-use changes during the period from 1990 to 2001 in Pudong New Area of Shanghai and their impacts on eco-environment by using remote sensing data. Pudong New Area of Shanghai is characteristic of fast urbanization, especially during the period from 1990 to 2001,during which Pudong has undergone a fast urban construction and growth. Using Landsat remote sensing data in 1990 and 2001, after imagery pre-processing, we retrieved land use information through supervised classification in the support of ERDAS IMAGINE software, and mapped the charts of land use classification in this period based on Landsat data. Furthermore, we established the shift matrix of land use changes, analyzed the intensity and extent of changes for land use in Pudong in the period, the pattern in spatial landuse changes, and its impacts on eco-environment. It is revealed that the farmland and water-body decreased sharply from 1990 to 2001 in Pudong. Farmland decreased by 58.16% and water-body by 17.4%. New urban growth area was mainly converted from farmland and water-body. 55% of urban expansion was from farmland and 35.26% was from water-body, which made the most important contribution to urban expansion. The eco-environmental effects of urban expansion in this study area were not optimistic. The decrease of water-body, the pollution of water resources and air, and heat island effects were obvious problems.