商代都鄙邑落结构与商王的统治方式

Shang Dynasty Settlement Structure and the Mode of Rule of Shang Kings

通过对甲骨文资料和考古发掘资料的考察,商代四土侯伯领地内与商王畿范围内的邑落均为三级都鄙结构,且前者显然是后者的缩影。它既包含有中央王朝对四土侯伯的影响,也受制于当时的政治体制和权力结构。商王对于远距离的侯伯方国主要是间接性支配,而在王畿范围内则采用直接支配与间接支配相结合的方式。商代的这一统治特点,是由商代国家形态的发展程度所决定的。

Studies of oracle bone inscriptions and other archeological finds show that settlements both in the fiefdoms of the feudal lords and in the capital area under kingly control had the same three-level structure, with the former clearly being a miniature version of the latter. This demonstrates royal control over the feudal lords while also reflecting the political system and power structure of the time. Shang kings ruled the more remote feudal lords indirectly but in the capital area they employed both direct and indirect modes of control. This distinctive feature of their rule was determined by the development of the state in the Shang Dynasty.