汉语“把”字句的认知类型学解释

Explanation of the bǎ-construction in Chinese on cognitive typology

本文从认知类型学的角度探讨了汉语“把”字句的语法意义，认为“把”字句是“事象界变”的解析性陈述式。具体说，“把”字句的语义结构是一个有层次的复合命题体，其最外层是对“缘由一事象界变”的主观认定性命题，其中间层是表“事象界变”的复舍命题。其底层是表达客观事象的单纯命题。人句式义上看，“把”字句是一种解析性陈述句，其主观性主要在于被铸合在陈述句式中的、说话人对事象界变缘由的认定。“把”字句是汉语所特有的句式，“把”字句的研究具有重要的语言类型学价值。

This paper discusses the grammatical meaning of the bǎ-construction from the aspect of cognitive typology,and we think that the bǎ-constructions is an analyticity indicative mood of 'issue bounded variation'.More specifically,the meaning structure of the bǎ-construction is a compound propositional style with distinct gradation,the outer layer of which is a subjective qualitative proposition to 'cause-issue bounded variation',the middle layer a compound proposition expressing 'cause-issue bounded variation',and the inner layer a simple proposition expressing objective issues.Seen from the constructional meaning,the bǎ-construction is an analyticity indicative sentence,which subjectivity is mainly a qualification combined in an indicative sentence and to cause of issue bounded variation from the speaker.The bǎ-construction is a special sentence-pattern in Chinese.The study of it has important value on cognitive typology.