早期儿童副词习得的优先序列——北京话早期儿童副词习得个案研究

The preference order of adverb acquisition in early children:A case study of adverbs acquisition of a Beijing Mandarin-speaking child

本文在功能主义框架内探讨汉语早期儿童副词习得的优先序列。通过一个北京话早期儿童的个案研究得出以下倾向性规则：语义上，优先习得的副词所代表的语义范畴相对比较简单，即认知处理的难度不大，因而易于被理解和使用；句法上，与谓词所形成的句法结构相对简单的副词优先习得；频率上，成人语言中出现频率高的副词（包括儿向语言的频率和一般成人语料中的频率）优先习得。而在上述条件相同或相近的情况下，语音特征（包括声母的发音特征、声调类型和音节结构的复杂度）、松紧度特征也制约着同一语义系列内部一些副词习得的顺序。我们的观察也袁明：每一层次内的各制约条件具有显薯的正相关．

Taking a case of a Beijing Mandarin-speaking child,this paper focus on the preference order of adverb aquisition is early childhood within the framework of functionalist acquisition theory.Through a case study of a Beijinghua-speaking child,we reached some inclined rules:semantically,the semantic range indicated those adverbs of acquisition priority is relatively simple,that is to say,easy to process cognitively,so they can be understood and used easily.In terms of syntax,adverbs that can make a relatively simple syntactic construction with the verb related will be acquired with priority.In terms of frequency,adverbs of higher occurrence in adult language enjoy acquisition priority(including the frequency of the acquired-inclined feature and that of the general adult language data).Under the same or similar condition mentioned above,the acquisition sequence of adverbs within one and the same semantic hierarchy is also restricted by phonetic features such as the pronunciation,tone and the structure complexity of a syllable,and the degree of cohesion.In addition,our observations show that the restricting conditions at every level have significant positive correlations.