不同蛋白水平日粮对狼山鸡卵黄中激素沉积及子代生长的影响

Dietary Protein Level of Laying Hens Affects Yolk Deposition of Maternal Hormones and Offspring Growth

选取狼山鸡种母鸡160羽,随机分成三个组,分别饲喂粗蛋白水平为10%(低)、15%(对照)和20%(高)的日粮,21d后收集种蛋。每组随机选择10枚种蛋用于放免测定卵黄中母源性甲状腺激素和胰高血糖素,其余孵化后在相同条件饲养至28d,并测定生长性能.。分别与1日龄和28日龄每组各选10羽雏鸡进行屠宰测定。结果:(1)试验前后母鸡体重各组间均没有变化,低蛋白组产蛋率和蛋重显著下降(p<0.05),高蛋白组蛋重显著高于对照组;(2)三组种蛋的卵黄中T3、胰高血糖素水平均没有显著性差异,而高蛋白组卵黄中T4水平显著高于对照组和低蛋白组(p<0.05),低蛋白组1d后代血清中T3水平显著高于对照组,而高蛋白组血清T4水平显著高于对照组(p<0.05);(3)出雏重与蛋重呈正相关(R2=0.9275,p<0.01),出雏后高、低蛋白组子代均表现出较高的生长速度,28d低蛋白组子代鸡体重和相对胸肌重显著高于对照组(p<0.05),高蛋白组体重与对照组相比有增加趋势,但差异不显著(p=0.08)。结论:母鸡饲喂不同蛋白水平日粮可以改变卵黄中母源性激素的沉积并能显著影响子代的生长。

160 Langshan breeder hens were randomly divided into 3 groups, fed with 10% （low）, 15% （control） and 20% （high） crude protein （CP） diet, respectively for21days. Fertile eggs were collected 10 days after the dietary treatment. 10 eggs each group were used to determine the yolk deposition of maternal thyroid hormones and glucagon with radioimmunoassay, and the remaining eggs were incubated. Newly hatched chickens were raised under the same condition until 28 days of age and the growth performance of the offspring was recorded. 10 chicks from each group were sacrificed on day 1 and day 28, respectively for sampling. Results： Dietary protein level showed no significant effect on body weight of the hens, yet the egg laying rate and egg weight decreased markedly in the low-CP diet group （p〈0.05）. Egg weight in the high-CP diet group is significantly higher than the controls. Yolk contents of T3 and glucagon didn＇t show differences among groups, while that of T4 in the high-CP diet group was significantly higher than the other two groups （p〈0.05）. At hatching, serum levels of T3 in the low-CP group and T4 in the high-CP diet group were significantly higher than the controls （p〈0.05）. positive relationship was found between hatch weight and fertile egg weight （R2=0.9275, p〈0.01）. Both high- and low- CP diet group showed higher growth rate after hatching. Relative breast muscle weight and body weight in the low-CP diet group were markedly higher than that in the control group on 28 days （p〈 0.05）, whereas that in the high-CP group showed a trend of increase, compared with that of the control group （p=0.08）. Conclusion： Dietary protein level in hens could significantly change the yolk deposition of maternal hormones and offspring growth.