不同施氮水平对小麦/玉米间作产量和水分效应的影响

Influence of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Water Effect in Wheat/Maize Intercropping System

【研究目的】探讨小麦/玉米间作体系中氮肥对水分资源高效利用的调节作用,达到合理施肥提高水分利用效率的目的;【方法】采用田间试验,监测小麦/玉米间作不同生育期土攘水分,研究不同施氮量对产量和水分利用效率的影响;【结果】小麦/玉米间作的土地当量比(LER)为1.31￣1.53,小麦相对于玉米的水分竞争比率(CRwm)约为1;在小麦收获时,间作小麦的水分利用效率(39.0￣46.7kg/mm.hm2)远远高于玉米(1.28￣4.81 kg/mm.hm2),也高于单种小麦(25.43￣30.75 kg/mm.hm2);在小麦收获后,间作玉米(除N0处理)的水分利用效率迅速提高,当玉米收获时水分利用效率高达32.49￣47.46kg/mm.hm2,明显高于单种玉米(27.30￣38.77 kg/mm.hm2);【结论】小麦/玉米间作具有明显的产量优势,小麦玉米两作物水分利用效率分布时间上的错位是小麦/玉米间作高效利用水分资源的基础,合理施用氮肥能促进间作种植产量优势和水分利用优势的发挥。

[OBJECTIVE]The paper mainly illuminated the modulation effect of nitrogen fertilizer on water resource in wheat/maize intercropping system[METHOD]Influence of different nitrogen fertilizer application on water effect in wheat/maize intercropping system was studied; [RESULTS]Intercropping of wheat/maize LER was 1.31-1.53, Wheat CRmm comparing to maize （CRy）above 1,When wheat was harvested, water use efficiency of intercropping wheat and maize was 39.0-46.7kg/mm·hm^2 and 1.28 -4.81 kg/mm·hm^2, respectively. Water use efficiency of intercropping wheat was higher than intercropping maize and monocropping wheat （25.43 -30.75 kg/mm ·hm^2）. After wheat was harvested, water use efficiency of intercropping maize （except NO treatment） was increased quickly and it was 32.49-47.46 kg/mm·hm^2 when maize was harvested, obviously higher than monocropping maize （27.30-38.77 kg/mm·hm^2） [CONCLUSION] The results showed that wheat/maize intercropping system had obvious intercropping yield advantage; it was found that different distribution of water use efficiency of wheat and maize was the base of high water use efficiency in wheat/maize intercropping system, reasonable nitrogen application can facilitate advantage of yield and water use efficiency.