从岁时民俗特征比较中韩端午节端午祭

A Comparison between the Chinese and the Republic of Korea Double-Fifth Day from the Perspective of Calendrical Folk Custom Features

根据岁时民俗的传承性与变异性特征,中国端午节与韩国端午祭均为中国上古端午祭的现代传承。端午节即端午祭,祭祀是端午节的本意。中国端午节的历史文化内涵大于韩国端午祭。中国端午日举办的各种节俗活动,归结起来均与祭祀信仰有关,并有官方与民间的等级区别。现今韩国江陵端午祭由“儒教式祭仪”和“巫俗祭仪”两部分组成,实即相当于官方与民间的祭祀活动。自上古时期至今,在端午这一天祭祀以祓除瘟疫、祈求人寿年丰,在中国和韩国都未有任何改变。几乎韩国江陵端午祭的所有细节,都可以在中国端午节俗活动中找到具体的、同一性质的对应。

According to the characteristics of the inheritance and variation of calendrical folk customs, if we compare the Chinese Double-Fifth Day/Festival （otherwise known as the Dragon Boat Festival） and the Republic of Korea one, we may draw a conclusion that both are the modern version of or successor to the ancient Chinese Double-Fifth Day. This festival means a sacrificial ceremony, in terms of which the Chinese one contains richer historical and cultural connotation than the Republic of Korea one. Activities held during the Chinese festival all involve sacrificial offerings and folk faith, and fall into the official type and the folk type. It is a similar case with the Gangneung Dano Festival consisting of a Confucian sacrificial ritual and a sorcerous sacrificial ritual, which is actually correspondent with the official and the folk type. From the remote past until the present, the tradition has never changed that sacrifices are offered for exorcizing and for longevity and a bumper harvest. Almost all details of the Dano Festival can be found similar to those of the Double-Fifth Festival or Dragon Boat Festival in China. Indeed, there are some differences between these two festivals, which are no more than the variation of the festival in the course of inheritance. The Double-Fifth Festival in China with numerous ethnic groups is no less than 2 000 years old. It differs from place to place. To commemorate Qu Yuan features the major activity in most parts of the country, despite some parts where the festival has nothing to do with Qu Yuan. This proves the variation, which is the same case with the Dano Festival. In other words, it is absurd that some different versions of the festival do not belong to China＇s Double-Fifth Festival.