马克思“总体性”的三重维度

The Triple Dimensions of Marx's "Generality"

20世纪20年代晚期以来,“西方马克思主义”以“总体性”的概念力图“复兴”在现实中遇到诸多挑战的马克思主义学说,在美学、文学批评领域建设“总体性”的“新马克思主义”文学理论和美学理论。尽管作为流派的“西方马克思主义”在此概念之下做了不少建设性的努力,但结果却使马克思主义“总体性”隐然不彰。“总体性”是建设作为体系的马克思主义文艺学的核心概念,它作为潜体系不仅存在于“巴黎手稿”之中,也以严谨的历史科学的基础形态存在于探索期的《德意志意识形态》、成熟期的《1857-1858年经济学手稿》和《资本论》等文本之中。“总体性”在马克思的著作中呈现出“人的理想存在”、“历史科学方法论”和文化社会的“世界历史进程”概念的三重维度。

Since the late 1920＇ s, ＂western Marxists＂ attempted to ＂revive＂ Marxist theory, which met with numerous challenges in reality, in order to establish ＂generality- based neo- Marxist＂ literary theory and aesthetic theory in fields of aesthetics and literary criticism. As a trend of literary theory, ＂western Marxists＂ made considerable contributions by following this conception of theirs, but they failed to make Marxist ＂generality＂ prominent enough. In fact, however, as the key concept to develop a systematic Marxist theory of literature and art, ＂generality＂ as a hidden system existed in Paris Manuscripts, in the explorative German Ideology as a strict basic category of history science, in the mature Economics Manuscripts from 1857 to 1858 and in On the Capital. in a word, ＂generality＂ in Marx＇ s works shows triple dimensions, that is, ＂the ideal existence of men＂, ＂the methodology of history science＂ and ＂a global historical course＂ of social culture.