乐府分类述评

A Study on Yüeh-fu's Taxonomy

汉代以降,随着乐府观念的变化,乐府的分类方式也屡经变迁。总的说来,乐府分类存在三大类型,一是以礼乐制作为基础的分类方法,二是以音乐曲调为标准的分类方式,三是以六艺流别观念为出发点的分类习尚。三种类型先后出现,而以第二种为主流方式。不同的分类原则体现在各种正史音乐志、乐府诗选本和相关评论中。本文试对此详加探讨。

Since the Han dynasty, the classified manners of Yiieh-fu have come through many changes along with the changing conception concerning Yueh-fu. In general, there are three classified modes of Yueh-fu, one is the classified method based on the making of ceremony（li） and music（yue）, the second is the way in accordance with the musical melodies, the third is the fashion following the idea that Yueh-fu is the descendant of the Classic of Poetry. The three modes came into being successively, while the second mode is the dominating one. Different taxonomies were expressed in musical records of Zhengshi（正史） of past dynasties, anthologies of Yueh-fu poetry, and relevant commentaries which will be discussed in detail in this article.