日本武士道的演变及其理论化

The Development and Theorization of Bushido in Japan

武士道是日本封建时代武士阶级所特有的道德规范和行为方式。其作为历史范畴,有一个形成与发展的过程。最初它只是以武士生活习惯为基础的行为准则。到了江户时代,山鹿素行等儒学家,以中国的儒学理论为指导,把儒学中的"道"作为哲学基础,构建了自镰仓时代以来一直都缺乏理论性的武士伦理,使传统的武士道发展成为理论化、系统化的士道,成为武士阶级的主要生活指导原理。

Bushido was the unique ethic and behavioral model of Samurai rank in Japanese Feudal Society,and it had its own course of formation and evolution as a history category. At first, Bushido was just a behavioral model based on Samurai＇ s Life habit. Then, in the Edo Period, taking the Confucianism theories as Guide and lying solid philosophy foundation on ＂Taoism＂ of Confucianism, Yarnaga Soko and other Confucians had set up the Samurai ethic, which was lack of theories from Kamakura Period. Finally, the traditional Bushido had evolved gradually into theorized and systematized shiko, which is the main life instruction principle of Samurai rank.