五年计划视野下的新中国经济发展布局与调整——以我国改革开放前为时限

Seeing the Arrangement and Adjustment of New China Economic Devlopment from Several Five-Year Plans before Reform and Opening

新中国建国以来我国历次社会发展规划都把经济发展的布局和调整作为其重要内容。改革开放前的几个五年计划与其后的几次五年计划在我国经济发展的布局和调整方面有着很大的不同。笔者从以下方面阐述了改革开放前的历次五年计划对我国经济发展布局的影响和独特的内在关联。改革开放前的几个五年计划,一是越来越侧重从国防考虑进行经济发展的布局,突出备战;二是以平衡沿海和内地关系为主要内容,其实践确实缩小了我国沿海与内地的差距,改善了我国经济发展布局过分畸形的局面,但沿海地区为此付出了代价;三是在计划经济体制下比较顺利地实现了经济发展布局的调整,但由于计划经济体制自身的弊端,区域发展的布局最终走向"小而全"、"大而全"的封闭式自给区域发展模式。

It is the important content that the layout and regulation of economic development in all previous economic and social development plans since the new china founded. The five- plans before China＇ s reform and opening are very different from the ones after China＇s reform and opening. This article tells the impacts of the five - plans in the layout of economic development as follows： 1. It came to arrange economic development layout in the view of national defence,gave prominence to prepare for war. 2. It is the important content that balancing the relationship between the coastal areas and the inland areas. Though it reduced the disparity between the coastal areas and the inland areas indeed and improved the excessive unbalance situation in national economic development arrangement , the coastal areas pay out too much cost. 3. The economic development arrangement got adjusted favorably in the context of the highly central plan economic system,while because of the plan economic system＇s shortcoming, it developed into the close development model in which each unit and locality ,largely independent of others,distributed resources for itself.