二十世纪五十年代前期毛泽东关于农业合作制的若干理论

Mao Zedong's Theories about Agricultural Cooperative System In the First Half of the 1950s

毛泽东关于农村合作制的理论,在民主革命时期农村革命根据地建设的实践中萌发,在50年代前期的农业合作化运动中得到充分发展。1955年"五月变化"以前,毛泽东否定了经由新民主主义转变到社会主义的理论,主张动摇乃至消灭私有制,但又坚持保护农民互助合作和发展个体经济的"两个积极性",提出农业合作化应包含社会革命和技术革命两部分;"五月变化"以后,他要求进一步加快合作化,提出"大发展"方针,开展反"右倾",强调以阶级斗争和两条道路斗争的理论指导合作化运动。

Mao Zedong＇s theories about agricultural cooperative system came forth in the practice of rural revolutionary base building during the period of democratic revolution and fully developed in the agricultural cooperative movement in the first half of the 1950s after the founding of New China. Before the ＂change in May＂ in 1955 Mao Zedong repudiated the theory of change into socialism via new democracy and stood for shaking and even abolishing the private system, but at the same time he insisted on protecting the ＂initiative in two respects＂ of the peasants： mutual aid and cooperation on the one hand and developing individual economy on the other. He maintained that agricultural cooperation should consist of two parts： social revolution and technical revolution. After the ＂change in May,＂ Mao Zedong demanded to further accelerate the agricultural cooperation, put forward the policy of ＂great development,＂ launched the ＂anti-rightist＂ movement and stressed the guidance of agricultural cooperative movement by the theories of class struggle and struggle between two roads.