以美沙酮治疗门诊预防药物成瘾者之艾滋病病毒感染:香港的经验

PREVENTION OF HIV AMONG HEROIN USERS WITH METHADONE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT:THE HONG KONG EXPERIENCE

因历史的关系,香港特区成为阿片或海洛因的滥用区;也因这历史的原因,使香港特区为预防艾滋病具备有先决的条件。美沙酮门诊计划在香港的设立,有赖于早期美国的研究成果,建立减低伤害作为帮助成瘾人群的一种方法。上世纪80年代以后,更因替代海洛因、避免共用注射器而成为预防艾滋病感染的一种有效方法。香港于1970年开始使用美沙酮,1972年开始开设美沙酮维持门诊,目前共有美沙酮门诊20间,分布全市各区,每周7天开诊,从无间断。每日有7000人次应诊。应诊者无分贵贱、背景、种族、成瘾前科,也无须等待,但经费维持低廉,增加了长期服务的可能性。所以,香港的美沙酮维持门诊是一项低廉、邻近、易入、不筛选、针对大量人群、替代海洛因、避免使用及共用注射器、预防艾滋病的一项重要的减低伤害的服务工作。

Because of its historical reasons, Hong Kong has been a region with heavy opium or heroin use. It was also because of this, Hong Kong Government had the Adopted as a method for harm reduction, methadone treatment began in priority for preventing HIV/AIDS. Hong Kong based on the report that methadone was effective in helping heroin addicts in New York. In the late 1980s, methadone maintenance, which could substitute heroin and avoid sharing needles, served as an effective way for the prevention of HIV/AIDS. From its start in 1970 and methadone maintenance clinics established in 1972, totally there are 20 clinics distributing all over the territory, opening 7 days a week. Every day 7000 person - time are served. No waiting list, no barrier to turn away, irrespective of sex, age, ethnic origin, religion, nationality or criminal record, and affordable is the character, which enables Hong Kong methadone treatment to play an important part in the prevention and intervention of drug use and HIV/AIDS.