超越正义考量的两极视阈之争

Beyond the Debates of Whether Justice Should Take Individual or Collectivity into Account

围绕社会正义的关注视阈究竟是个人本位还是群体取向所发生的当代论辩,揭示了西方正义理论中的困扰及由此生发的一系列问题。从罗尔斯的自由主义,到社群主义、多元文化论以及女性主义,这些理论的开创和互竞充分彰显了人类试图解决个体和共同体之间矛盾的不懈努力,然而,这些历时性理论的纷争不断也充分说明了当代西方正义理论视阈的理论缺陷:摆荡于个人主义和共同体主义之间,分析个人和共同体谁更重要,或者认为维系共同体的纽带要么单纯是"文化"(如多元文化论),要么是"公共善"(如社群主义),这些争论都极易使人们陷入误区。而马克思的正义思想是以反映现实社会关系之中的具体的人的发展为理论旨归,所以,正是在对以经济关系为主的现实社会关系的深刻剖析中,马克思向我们展示了其正义思想的唯物史观的视角。

The debates Over whether the visual threshold of justice is individual or collectivity indicate the puzzlements of theory of justice in western. From Rawls＇liberalism to communitarianism, multiculturalism and femirfism, the birth and competition of all these theories reveal the theorists＇ efforts to deal with the conflicts between them. These theories＇ dispute, however, show the limitation of justice theory in western： trying to discern which one is more important between individual and collectivity lwe will get into a hobble. While it would be better to pay attention to Marxism＇s interpretation on ＂realistic individual＂. So, basing on the comprehension of realistic socia relation, Marxism laid out the visual angle of materialism on justice theory.