论轴心时代中国文化的转型——兼与陈来教授商榷

Study on the Transformation of Chinese Culture at the Axial Age——A Discussion with Professor Chen Lai

前轴心时代的社会生活主要是围绕生产问题即人与自然的关系展开的,所以小国寡民是夏商时代社会生活的必然状况。由于生产的规律慢慢为人们所认识,剩余产品的增加导致大国时代的到来。从西周到春秋战国,是中国文化的轴心时代,周公和孔子是这一时代最重要的思想家,他们就如何建立和巩固社会秩序进行的探索与讨论奠定了后世中国文化的基本格局。

In this thesis, production problem, i.e. the relations between human being and nature, is considered the center of the social life at the Pre-axial Age.As a result,the condition of ＂Sparse Population in a Small Country＂ was inevitable in the social life at the age of Xia Dynasty and Yinshang Dynasty. Due to the gradual awareness of the scale of production, the increase of Surplus products brought about the arrival of Great-Power period. As there was a large population in Great-Powers, that social management, i.e. the management of relations between people, become a major task of the elite, was the essence of the cultural transformation of Chinese Culture the took place in Western Zhou Dynasty. The Axial Age of Chinese culture is from Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in which period, the Duke of Chou and Confucius are two most important ideologists. Their exploration and discussion on how to establish and consolidate social order has laid the foundation for the basic pattern of Chinese culture.