非法证据排除规则之判例解读

An Interpretation of Case Law of Illegal Evidence Exclusion

非法证据排除规则是美国法院在审核证据时必须遵循的一个原则。确立这一原则的目的在于要求警察严格按照法律程序进行执法,阻止警察滥用职权,从而有效地保护公民的人身自由和财产不受侵犯。然而,严格适用非法证据排除规则会使一些事实上有罪的人逃避法律制裁,因此,美国联邦最高法院对此原则进行重新评估,并先后确立了当然发现例外、独立资讯来源例外、诚信例外和公共安全例外等规则,在保障人权的同时,追求最大限度的打击犯罪。

The rule of illegal evidence exclusion is a principle American courts must follow when examining and verifying evidences. This rule is for police to strictly enforce laws in accordance with legal procedures, to prevent abusing their authority and position, and to protect citizens＇ personal freedom and property from being violated. Nevertheless the rule may let some actually guilty people escape from punishment. Therefore, Federal Supreme Court of the US reevaluated this rule and established rules as follow： exception of certainly finding, exception of independent information source, exception of honesty and credit and exception of public security, which are to guarantee human rights as well as to fight against crime to the greatest extent.