新型抗冻剂—不冻蛋白质的研究与发展前景

Research and Developing Prospect of the New-style Antifreeze-ice Structuring Proteins

不冻蛋白质(Ice Structuring Proteins,简称ISP)也称冻结构蛋白,是一种新型的抗冻剂,其具有抑制冰结晶生长的作用,包括抑制重结晶,同时还具有影响冰晶组织结构的作用。迄今为止科学工作者已从陆地昆虫、植物、细菌和真菌等各类生物中分离到多种抗冻蛋白,不冻蛋白质可以应用于冷冻食品工业、农业种植、医学等领域。本文简要地介绍了不冻蛋白质的性质、起源及研发历程、应用及发展趋势。

Ice structuring proteins （ISP） are the new-style antifreeze which modify morphology and inhibits ice crystal growth, including recrystallization, and affect crystal morphology. Ice structuring proteins have been found in many freezing-tolerant organisms, including fish, insects, terrestrial arthropods, bacteria, fungi and plants. It is widely used in the in the domain of frozen foods, agricultural planting and medicine. In this paper, the characteristics, original, application, and foreground were briefly discussed.