硝酸羟胺亚慢性染毒对大鼠血液系统的影响

Blood toxicity assessment of subchronic exposure to hydroxylammonium nitrate in wistar rats

目的在硝酸羟胺(HAN)亚慢性染毒大鼠的基础上,初步探讨大鼠染毒后对血液系统的影响。方法Wistar大鼠160只随机分为4组:分别为HAN6.97、13.93和27.86mg/kg组和生理盐水阴性对照组,HAN组与对照组大鼠均以隔日腹腔注射的方式染毒,连续染毒13周后处死3/4(每组30只)动物,剩余1/4(每组10只)动物停止染毒再饲养4周后处死,分别检测染毒期与恢复期相关血液指标,网织红细胞计数及骨髓细胞各系增生情况。结果染毒期,HAN染毒组大鼠白细胞数显著升高,红细胞数和血红蛋白显著降低(P<0.05);染毒组大鼠网织红细胞计数明显高于对照组(P<0.01),与染毒剂量显著正相关;骨髓细胞中红细胞系增生明显,以中幼红和晚幼红细胞增多为主,粒/红比例明显下降,各染毒组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。恢复期,血常规、网织红细胞计数及骨髓细胞各系增生情况与对照组比较均无统计学意义。结论HAN长期染毒对大鼠骨髓造血系统有一定的损伤,主要表现为对红细胞系的毒作用。

Objective To investigate the effects of hydroxylammonium nitrate （HAN） on the blood system in rats. Methods A total of 160 rats were randomly divided into three HAN treated groups and one negative control group, each group included 40 rats. Different doses of HAN at 6.97, 13.93 and 27.86mg/kg were administered to the three treated groups by intraperitoneal injection, and the control group was treated with 0.9 % saline, the treatment had been performed every other day for 13 weeks. After the last treatment, 30 rats of each group were sacrificed and the rest were kept for another 4 weeks for recovery. Hematological parameters, reticulocyte and marrow cells were observed and measured. Results For hematological parameters, the main changes were the decrease of RBC and HGB level and the increase of WBC at the end of the administration （P 〈 0.05 ）. The reticulocyte values were obviously increase along with the increasing HAN dosage compared with those of control group （P 〈 0.01 ）. For bone marrow cells observation, the ratio of erythrocytic line increased, and the ratio of granulocytes/erythrocyte was lower than that of control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. After 4 weeks＇ recovery period, no obviously changes were observed for hematological parameters, reticulocyte and marrowcells. Conclusion HAN has toxic effect on the blood system in rats for long-term exposure.