二元结构下的“三农”问题及其出路:苏南模式的启示

Issue of Agriculture, Farmer and Rural Area in Dualistic Structure and Its Outlet: Enlightenment of Southern Jiangsu Pattern

围绕城市工业化战略形成的城乡非均衡制度安排是新中国"三农"问题产生的制度根源。改革开放初期以土地承包制、乡镇企业的发展为标志的农村改革打破了长期以来城乡间的非均衡关系,但并没有改变二元结构的性质。在市场化、产权改革、国际化背景下形成的新苏南模式通过新型工业化、城市化道路加快了劳动力转移的步伐与农民收入结构的多元化,推动了现代农业的发展,并通过社会主义新农村建设与社会保障制度建设从根本上打破了长期以来城乡二元结构的束缚。新苏南模式下的"三农"问题已经由过去二元结构下城乡对立的质的差别转变为城乡统筹、城乡一体化发展道路下的量的差别。

The non-balanced system arrangement between urban and rural areas caused by industrialization strategy around urban industrialization is the system root of agriculture,farmer and rural area problems. Since the reform and opening up, the essence of dualistic structure is not changed, though the rural reform with the symbol of land contract responsibility system and development of township enterprises break the urban and rural non-balance. The new southern Jiangsu pattern, formed on the background of marketization, property rights reform and internationalization, has sped up the shift of labor and the plurality of farmers' income by way of new industrialization and urbanization, has pushed forward the development of modern agriculture, and will fundamentally break through the bounds of pluralistic structure via the construction of new countryside and the construction of social security system. The issue of agriculture,farmer and rural area has transferred to the volume difference of rural and urban areas in the urban and rural whole planning and integration from the contradicting essence difference in pluralistic structure.