山东省北部滨海草场培育改良技术的研究

A Research on the Utilization of Saline Grassland in Northern Ssandong Province.

试验筛选出适于山东省北部滨海草场生长的豆科牧草为紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、二年生草木樨，禾本科牧草为苇状羊茅、无芒雀麦、长穗冰草和中间冰草，饲料作物为苋菜、小黑豆、涝豆、苏丹草和御谷。封育应根据草场退化程度采用全年封育、短期封育和主要牧草危机期封育的方式；补播宜在８月中旬至９月上旬进行，播前纵横切耙两遍，耙深７～１０ｃｍ，补播草木樨、沙打旺；封育、补播均可显著地提高草场产量，增加优质草比例。盐碱地人工草场建设应在搞好水利建设、建立条田抬高地面的基础上进行洗盐压碱，并根据土壤含盐量确定耕翻深度，然后快速整地、播种、镇压，避免土壤跑墒；适宜播种期为８月下旬至９月中旬。

Suitable herbages and fodder crops in saline grassland in northern Shandong Province were selected. Suitable legume herbage are Medicago sativa L., Astragalus adsurgens Pall., Melilotus offcinalis (L.) Des., Grass herbages include Festuca arundinancea Schreb., Bromus inermis Leyss., Agropyron elongatum, and Agropyron intermedium, fodder crops include Amaranthus paniculatus L., Clycine max (L.) cv. Xiaohaidou, Clycine max (L.) cv. Laodou, Sorghum sudanense (Piper.) Stapf., and Pennisetum typhoideum Rich. Grassland spelling and reseeding are good methods to improve saline grassland. Different methods of grassland spelling can be respectively used in the whole year, the short time and the dangerous duration of main herbages according to the condition of deteriorated grassland. After harrowing twice crossways and lengthways to the depth of 7～10cm, reseeding Astragalus adsurgens Pall., Melilotus offcinalis (L.) Dws. should be done between the middle ten-day period of August and last ten-day period of September. The yield of grassland and the proportion of high-quality herbage can be increased by means of grassland spelling and reseeding. Irrigation facilities and belt field with high ground level should be built for establishing saline grassland. Firstly, to wash out salt, next, to plough the field to a depth which varies according to the salt content of soil, then to treat the land, to sow seed, to roll the land quickly to avoid the loss of soil moisture.