小鼠胚胎干细胞向生殖细胞分化的研究

Advancement in the Research of Germ Cell from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

小鼠胚胎干细胞(ESC)在体外可以分化为多种细胞类型,其中包括各阶段的生殖细胞,甚至精细胞和成熟卵母细胞。ESC向生殖细胞分化的效率受到包括生长因子、激素和体细胞等多种因素的影响,在体外形成的是雌性配子还是雄性配子与ESC是XX型还是XY型没有必然联系。简要综述了小鼠生殖细胞在体内外的分化发育、性别决定和增殖等,并总结和展望了ESC向生殖细胞分化研究面临的问题和应用前景。

Mouse embryonic stem cells（ESC） could differentiate into various cell type, including germ cell at different stages even sperm cell and matured oocytes. Differentiation efficiency of germ cells from ESC was modulated by many different factors,such as growth factors, hormone and somatic cells. That germ cells derived from ESC could form male or female gametes didn′t correlate with weather ESC karyotype was XX or XY. In this article, research advancement on in vivo and in vitro differentiation and development of mouse germ cells, and its sex determination and its proliferation were reviewed. Problems and application for germ cell differentiation from ESC were also summarized.