多花黑麦草生育特性和种子生产性能研究

THE GROWTH CHARACTERISTIC OF LOLIUM MULTIFLORUM AND ITS SEEDS PRODUCTION

对多花黑麦草在南京分期播种条件下生育进程和幼穗分化的变化及其与种子生产性能的关系进行了研究。结果表明，多花黑麦草播种至成熟全生育期为１９４～２９０ｄ，随着播期的延迟而缩短。播期对分蘖至拔节和单棱至二棱的天数影响较大。单棱至二棱需要０～１１℃低温诱导。二棱的出现是多花黑麦草通过春化阶段的形态标志。春播的黑麦草因缺乏低温诱导，滞留在单棱期，不能抽穗结籽。种子产量与生育期的天数呈极显著正相关。南京地区留种的多花黑麦草最佳播期为８月２０日至９月上旬。分蘖至拔节的日均温较低，时间较长，积温较高，抽穗至成熟的日照时数较多，有利于提高种子产量。分蘖期至拔节期是影响种子产量最关键时期。加强水肥管理。

The relation between growth period、young ear differentiation and seeds production of L.multiflorum sown in Nanjing under the condition of different stage was studied. The result showed that the time from sowing to ripening was 194～290 d, and it would be shortened with the sowing time delayed. Sowing time had a great influence on the days of tillering to jointing, and single ridge to double ridges. It must be induced by 0～11 ℃ low temperature from single ridge to double ridges. The appearance of double ridges was the morphological symbol which L.multiflorum had passed vernalization. Sowing in spring, for lack of low temperature inducing, the development would stay in single ridge stage, and it could not be head sprout, and produce seeds. There was a significantly possitive relation between seed yield and the whole growth period. Seeds produced in Nanjing area, the L.multifolium, its best sowing time is 20, August to the first ten days of September. The day mean temperature was lower from tillering to jointing, and time was longer, the accumulating temperature was higher. The sunlights was more from head sprout to ripening. It did good for increasing seeds yield. The key period which affected seeds yield was from tillering to jointing. It had a great important meaning for increasing seeds yield of L.multiflorum to strengthen management of water and fertilizer.