草粮轮作与农田生态平衡——兼论 Ladino 白三叶的生态经济效益

THE ROTATION OF FORAGE AND FARM CROP PLANTS IN RELATION TO FARMLAND ECOLOGICAL EQUILIBRIUM——CONCURRENT ANALYSIS OF ECO ECONOMICAL BENEFIT OF LADINO WHITE CLOVER

利用无性繁殖法定植Ｌａｄｉｎｏ白三叶（Ｔｒｉｆｏｉｕｍｒｅｐｅｎｓ）和雅安逸生白三叶（Ｔ．ｒｅｐｅｎｓ），地上部生物量前者比后者表现出极显著差异；地下部生物量和贮氮量表现为显著差异。后作玉米产量，Ｌａｄｉｎｏ白三叶地为６．２９ｔ／ｈａ大于雅安逸生白三叶地（６．１５ｔ／ｈａ）；农田生态系统里前者表现为正氮平衡，后者表现为负氮平衡，前者土壤固相、液相和气相比为１∶０．５∶０．２５明显优于后者；前者Ｃ／Ｎ比适中，后者Ｃ／Ｎ过窄，其抗性雅安逸生白三叶低于Ｌａｄｉｎｏ白三叶。三种种子直播的豆科牧草的生态经济特性表现为南苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏｈｉｓｐｅｄａ）大于苕子（Ｖｉｃｉａｃｏｒａｃｃａ），紫云英（Ａｓｔｒａｇａｌｕｓｓｉｎｉｃｕｓ）则介于两者之间。草粮轮作周期证明，Ｌａｄｉｎｏ白三叶和南苜蓿以及苕子是无性繁殖和有性繁殖的最佳材料，值得广泛推广利用。

The experimental result of Ladino and Ya′an white clovers in both established by vegetative planting style was shown that the aboveground and underground biomasses and nitrogen contained by Ladjno white clover was remarkably differentiated from those of Ya′an white clover. The respective yields of two Maize crop plants in use for control experimentation were estimated as follows:6.29 t/ha and 6.15t/ha, and the nitrogen balance data in field ecosystem test were stated to be positive and the other, even negative respectively. The proportion ratio among soil granules, soil water and soil gas were estimated to be1∶0.50∶0.25 when after seeding Ladino white clover. The C/N ratio was shown moderately in the farming system of Ladino white clover in rotation, but for comparison, it was too narrow in land space in the Ya′an white clover. The pollution environment resistance of Ladino white clover was somewhat higher than that of Ya′an white clover. The eco economical benifit of Medicago hispida was higher than that of Astragalus sinicus, whereas it was higher than that of Vicia cracca, however. The rotation experiment of all the legumes forementioned, with farm crop plant Maize as for comparison, had been demonstrated that Ladino whitew clover, Medicago hispida and Vicia cracca right here, being the best materials tested for both vegetative and sexual reproducation.