细长轴车削加工时瞬态动力学分析及其震动减缓措施

The Transient Dynamic Analysis of Slender Shaft during Turning and the Alleviating Vibration Methods

从振动的角度对细长轴车削时变形情况进行了分析.介绍了细长轴的常见振动理论和在主车削力作用下细长轴的动特性.然后通过有限元法仿真了细长轴振动的模态和动特性.通过比较分析,从理论上证实了使用浮动跟刀架能有效地补偿控制振动以减少径向振型的振幅,从而明显地减小细长轴的加工误差.

This article analyzes the features of deformation of slender shafts on turning from the viewpoint of vibration. Firstly, three kinds of familiar theories on vibration of slender shaft are introduced based on a simplified turning forced model of slender shafts. Secondly, the dynamic characteristics＇subjected to the main turning force are derived. Thirdly, modal analysis of the slender shaft is done using the finite element method, and a floating support to reduce the vibration is designed. By comparison of the first - order vibration mode of slender shafts before and after us- ing the floating support, it can be seen that the floating support can effectively control the radial vibration magnitude and lessen the machining error of slender shafts. Subsequent transient dynamic analysis further verified this point.