中子散射及其应用

Neutron Scattering and Its Application

在近30年间,由于中子源和散射装置的改进,中子散射在凝聚态物质中的应用日益广泛,在许多方面是其他(X射线、电子、激光、同步辐射等)散射技术不可比拟的.在简单评述供散射用的中子源和散射实验技术进展之后,重点介绍中子散射在凝聚态物质研究中的应用.它们包括晶体结构和磁结构的测定、表面、界面和薄膜的表征、测定结构涨落、磁涨落的现代相变研究、畸变、无序系统(包括分形和小角散射)和高分子材料、高Tc氧化物超导体的研究.

Within the 30 years, the application of neutron scattering on condensed matter is more and more because of the improvement of the neutron source and scattering devices. The neutron scattering is incomparable with the other （X-ray, electron, laser, synchrotron radiation, etc） scattering technologies. The neutron source for scattering and the progress of scattering test technologies are evaluated and described in this article, then the usage of neutron scattering on the study of condensed matter is also introduced emphatically. The measurement of crystal structure and magnetic structure, phenomenon of surface and interface and film, the study of modem phase transformation for the measurement of structure fluctuation and magnetic fluctuation, distortion, the study of disordered system （including fraction and small-angle scattering） and polymer materials and “high-To” oxide superconductors are all included.