氮磷与有机肥配施对小麦光合作用及产量和品质的影响

Effects of N,P and organic fertilizer on photosynthesis,yield and quality of winter wheat

研究了氮磷与有机肥配施条件下小麦（陕512品种）不同叶位与茎蘖功能叶光合速率、产量及其构成因素和品质指标的变化。结果表明,不同施肥处理对不同叶位和茎蘖功能叶光合速率有显著的调节作用,处理间、茎蘖间、叶位间功能叶光合速率差异极显著,同时处理与叶位之间的互作对灌浆期功能叶光合速率有极显著的作用。与常规施肥对照相比,氮磷与有机肥配合使用,可显著提高生育后期不同叶位和茎蘖功能叶光合速率,旗叶和倒二叶分别提高30.9%和21.9%;主茎、蘖一和蘖二提高21.8%、36.6%和28.3%;次生根增加12.5%2-8.3%,分蘖增加11.1%2-9.7%,孕穗期单株干物质积累量增加15.5%。同时,子粒品质也显著提高,稳定时间增加80.3%,蛋白质增加4.1%;降落值降低6.1%,吸水率降低7.2%;成穗数增加6.3%,穗粒数降低4.0%,产量增加5.2%。

The effects of N, P and organic fertilizers and their interactions on the yield and its components, photosynthesis rate of leaves in different leaf locations, main stems and tillers, and grain quality of winter wheat （Shaan 512） were studied. The results showed that fertilization could strongly influence the photosynthetic rates. A significant difference in photosynthesis rate was found between different treatments and leaf and shoot locations at the late booting stage and significant interaction between treatments and different leaves at the flowing stage. Applying N and P together with the organic fertilizer significantly increased the photosynthetic rates of functional leaves, in which N135P120S375 showed the best results on photosynthesis, which increased photosynthetic rates of the flag and penultimate leaves by 30.9% and 21.9%, of functional leaves of main stems by 21.8%, and of the primary and secondary tillers by 36.6% and 28.3% compared to CK. It also increased the numbers of the secondary roots by 12.5% -28.3%, and of tillers by 11.1% -29.7% compared to CK. It could also improve grain quality, i.e. it increased stable time by 80.3 %, protein content by 4.1%, while it reduced falling number by 6.1%, water absorption by 7.2 %. It increased heads by 6.3 %, while it reduced grains per head by 4.0%, and yield increased by 5.2% compared to CK.