现代温室冬春茬黄瓜矿质元素吸收与分配特性研究

Mineral elements absorption and distribution of winter-spring cucumber in modern greenhouse

以欧洲类型“迷你”黄瓜品种“戴多星”为试材,研究了现代温室条件下冬春茬黄瓜不同生育期的干物质积累和矿质营养吸收分配特性,并对黄瓜的矿质营养需求量进行了估算。结果表明,黄瓜生长发育前期,植株干物质积累主要集中在叶部,初果期以茎部为主,中后期以果实积累最多。各矿质元素在黄瓜不同器官的积累量随植株生长而增加,但分配率不同。其中生长前期70%8-0%集中在叶部,茎和根中的分配量仅占同期的20%3-0%,结果后期根部的矿质元素分配率下降到1%-2%,茎叶中的比例也大幅度下降,花果中的分配率为40%5-0%。矿质元素吸收量随生长发育而呈不同程度的增加,整个生长期以氮、钾、钙为主,其次是镁和磷。各生长阶段植株对不同矿质元素吸收量不同,02-0 d和406-0 d期间钙吸收量最大,分别为8.6和21.3 kg/hm^2;608-0 d钾吸收量最大,达到79.6 kg/hm^2;204-0 d和801-00 d氮吸收量最大,分别为7.4和88.7 kg/hm^2。

This experiment was conducted in winter-spring glasshouse. Using European cucumber cuhivar ＂Dehastar＂ as test material, the dry matter content and mineral elements absorption and distribution characteristics were studied in different growth phases of cucumber plants, and mineral elements requirement of cucumber production was evaluated. The results showed as follow, in prophase, most dry matter was mainly in the leaf; then it transfer into stem in early fruit phase, and into fruit afterward. Mineral elements in different organs increased with plant growing, but the distribution proportion in different organs differentiated at each stages. Mineral elements were distributed about 70 % - 80% into leaves for early phases, and 20%-30% into stem and root, while the distribution of dry matter into roots at last fruit phrase only accounted for 1%-2 % in root. The distribution ratio of dry matter in leaf and stem decreased rapidly, and in flower and fruit was about 40 %-50 %. Mineral elements absorption also increased with plant growing, in which N, Ca and K absorption was remarkable, next by P and Mg. absorption of different elements differentiated at each growth phase, Ca absorption was mainly occurred during 0-20 day and 40-60 day, which were 8.6 kg/ha and 21.3 kg/ha; K absorption mainly occurred in 60-80 days equivalent to 79.6 kg/ha; and N mainly occurred in 20-40 day and 80-100 day with the amount being 7.4 kg/ha and 88.7 kg/ha, respectively.