美国石油供需情况的演变及其对我国的启示

Evolution of Oil Supply and Demand in the United States

美国从1948年起变为石油净进口国,1970年以来国内石油产需缺口迅速扩大,目前石油进口量已占消费总量的49％,因而造成经济负担沉重。美国的这一演变与其石油生产的滑坡和高油耗的消费模式有关。为保证石油供应安全,自1970年以来美国政府采取了六方面的政策和战略,其中包括建立国家战略石油储备,实行能源消费多样化,分散石油进口来源,提高能源效率,开源节流,促使美国的石油公司到国外找油,在国际上采取经济、政治、外交、军事等多种综合手段以获得稳定的石油供应来源。当前我国石油供需形势正处于严峻的转折关头,必须慎重选择未来发展所采用的石油消费模式,组织力量细致、科学地优选石油消费的目标方案并制定相应的政策措施。建议成立国务院直属的高层次的国家能源委员会,研究能源政策和计划的制定、实施,解决有关能源工业、能源市场及国家能源安全的重大问题。

The United States first became a net oil im- porter in 1948. The domestic gap between petroleum supply and demand has widened rapidly since the 1970's. 49% of all oil consumed is currently imported, causing a heavy burden to the American economy. This situation is a result of domestic oil production declining and the high oil consumption way of life. In order to protect its petroleum supply, the United States has implemented policies in six areas since the 1970's. These include establishment of strategic state petroleum storage, implementation of diversified modes of energy consumption, diversification of sources of imports , enhancement of energy utilization efficiency, and promotion of exploration and develop ment for foreign oil by American companies. In addition, many comprehensive measures have been instituted internationally concerning political, economic, foreign , and military policy. China's oil supply arid demand situation is currently at a crucial point. It is necessary to carefully choose the correct oil consumption mode appropriate for future development. Experts should be organized to scientifically optimize consumption targets and determine corresponding measures and policies. It is suggested that a high level National Energy Committee be established under the direct supervision of the State Council to determine and implement energy policies and plans, as well as solve problems of the energy industry, market, and national energy security.