黄泛区农民思想观念的近代嬗变——以1938～1952年间的扶沟、西华县乡村为中心

The Modern Evolution of the Peasants’ Ideas in Formerly Flooded Area of Yellow River——Centered on Villages of Xihua and Fugou Counties (1938～1952)

黄泛区农民在经历常年的灾荒打击后,其思想观念中某些方面的传统和变异也得到充分的体现,安土重迁的乡土观念在黄河泛滥前主要表现为黄泛区农民“候鸟”式的生活方式:长期季节性的在家乡与外地之间往返流动。黄河泛滥后又与之前有不同之处:农民流动群体扩大、不同时期流动群体的年龄差异、返乡时间的延长、在外地定居等等特点;宗族观念突破了传统的牢笼,呈现出逐渐淡漠的趋势;礼俗观念表现为“量变”基础上的传承和不可预见的突发性质变;黄泛区农民的恐慌心理也经历了由严重—稳定—淡化的转变过程,这又影响着黄泛区农民不同时期的生存行为。

After several years＇ disaster attacks in the flooded area of Yellow River, peasants＇ traditional and evolved ideas were completely reflected. Before the flood, the farmers led ＂the migratory bird＂ life style： long-term seasonal flows between the hometown and other places.After the Yellow River was flooded, there were some differences： the increased peasant floating population, the age variety in different periods, the longer period of staying at home and settling in other places; the clan concept became obscure; some customs continued and some changed; peasants＇ worries experienced the serious, stable and slight periods, and this influenced the survival behaviors in different periods.