2型糖尿病患者饮食依从性及影响因素

Investigation on Dietary Compliance of Type-2 DM Patients and the Influencing Factors

目的了解2型糖尿病患者饮食依从性及其影响因素。方法采用方便取样的方法,以饮食不依从问卷、自我效能量表、抑郁自评量表、社会支持评定量表为主要研究工具,对96例门诊2型糖尿病患者饮食依从性及其影响因素进行横断面调查。结果2型糖尿病患者在遵医控制饮食、定时定量进餐、称量每餐食物和采用食物交换份法安排每日饮食4个方面的依从率分别为41.7%、44.8%、17.7%和5.2%;自我效能水平、抑郁水平、社会支持水平、付费形式、经济状况、运动状况、有无并发症及病程是2型糖尿病患者饮食依从性的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论2型糖尿病患者饮食依从状况不佳,特别是采用食物交换份法和称量每餐食物;其饮食依从性受自我效能、抑郁、社会支持、经济状况、有无并发症等因素的影响,应采取针对性措施提高患者饮食依从性,从而控制病情发展。

Objective To study the dietary compliance of type-2 DM patients and the influencing factors. Methods By adopting convenient sampling and main research tools as questionnaire on dietary non-compliance, self-efficacy scale, depression self-evaluating scale, and social support evaluating scale, a cross-sectional study on dietary compliance of 96 type-2 DM outpatients and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results In terms of prescribed diet control, fixed-time and fixed-quantity food intake, weighed food for each meal, and food exchange method, the type-2 DM patients showed compliance of 41.7%, 44.8%, 17.7% and 5.2% respectively. Patients with different levels of self-efficacy, depres-sion, social support, financial status, movement habits, with or without complications, and coure of disease displayed significantly different dietary compliance （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Conclusion The dietary compliance of type-2 DM pa- tients is not good, especially on food exchange method and weighed food for each meal. The levels of compliance are af- fected by a number of factors, such as self-efficiency, depression, social support, economic condition and complica-tions. Nursing countermeasures should be taken to increase the patients＇ level of diet compliance and to prevent the pro- gress of the DM.