理性与合理性之比较

Comparison Between Reason and Rationality

理性与合理性的关系可以从词源学、概念发展史与概念特征三个角度来探讨。从词源学来看,理性偏向于哲学上使用的本体论、认识论概念,合理性更多地指一种和人的思想、认识、评价相关的社会学概念。从概念发展来看,二者经历了五个阶段:古希腊、中世纪本体论理性,近代认识论理性,启蒙运动社会合理性,现代合理性和后现代合理性。这五个阶段是一个逐步由哲学理性走向社会学合理性的过程。从各自的具体特征来看,理性强调超验性和绝对普遍性,合理性则强调经验性和相对普遍性。

Reason and rationality can be compared from etymology, academic - history and concept - character. On etymology, we can find that reason is a philosophical concept about ontology and epistemology while rationality is a sociological concept about ideology knowledge and appraisal. In academic -history, the two concepts develope from philosophical reason to sociological rationality passing through five stages, i. e. ontology reason of Greece, Middle Ages, epistemology reason of modem times, the social rationality of the Enlightenment, the rationality of modem and the rationality of post - modem. On concept - character, transcendence and universality are the characteristics of reason and the empiricism and relativity are characteristics of rationality.