瑞典模式的历史进程和经验教训

The Historical Progress and Experience of the Swedish Practice

本文阐述了瑞典模式发展中经历的三个阶段:福利社会主义阶段,把福利政策说成是社会主义,其弊端凸显时遭人质疑;职能社会主义阶段,未能使瑞典避免陷入严重的经济危机;基金社会主义阶段,企图对私有制有所触动,因而遭致了资产阶级各集团的联合反攻,致使基金社会主义遭到废弃的厄运。现在,瑞典社会民主党又一次失去了执政地位,以致连瑞典原先的福利模式都在被逐步放弃。由此引出的经验教训是:一、仅有分配方面的变化而没有所有制的根本变革,是不可能把资本主义改造成社会主义的,福利社会主义并不是科学社会主义;二、没有在实际生活中所有制的真正变革,仅靠给福利、分配措施穿上所有制外衣的重新包装,不能解决问题;三、试图真正触动私有制,让雇员处于与资本家分庭抗礼的地位,那是资产阶级所绝对不能容忍的。

This paper makes an analysis of the three stages in the development of the Swedish mode： welfare socialism stage, functional socialism stage, and fund socialism stage. In the first stage, the welfare policy was considered to be socialism, and yet its malpractice was condemned. In the second stage, Sweden could not avoid sever economic crises. The third stage was supposed to affect private ownership and thus suffered an allied attack of various bourgeoisie group, which brought it to the unfortunate end. Now the Social Democrat Party of Sweden fell out of power again, and even the original welfare practice is gradually abandoned. We can get from the Sweden experience that the change in the distribution system without a fundamental evolution of the owner system cannot change capitalism into socialism. The so-called welfare socialism is not the real socialism. The problem cannot be solved by a mere ownership re-packing in the welfare or distribution realm. When the private system is really affected and the employee is put in the position against capitalist, the capitalist would not tolerate it.