巴尔干和第一次世界大战

The Balkans and the First World War

19世纪和20世纪之交,巴尔干发生了很大的变化。新成立的民族国家组成巴尔干同盟,它们在1912年和1913年相继打了两场战争,最初反对土耳其,后来又相互争斗。两场战争结束后,塞尔维亚成为一个强国,而保加利亚则在领土和人口上都蒙受重大损失。一战期间,巴尔干分成两个阵营:塞尔维亚在三国协约一方作战,而保加利亚和土耳其则与中央列强结盟。第一次世界大战对巴尔干产生很大影响。战争结束后,巴尔干依然是一个分裂和保守的半岛。

In the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, a significant change took place in the Balkans. Tne newly established national states formed the Balkan Alliance and fought two wars successively in 1912 and 1913, at first against Turkey and then against each other. After the two wars, Serbia became a power, but Bulgaria had suffered heavy losses both in territory and in population. During the First World War, the Balkans was divided into two camps： Serbia was fighting on the side of the Triple Entente against Bulgaria and Turkey, which were in coalition with the central powers. The First World War had a very strong impact on the Balkans. After the War, the Balkans remained as a divided and conservative peninsula.