天籁与独化——庄子的“相对主义”考辨

The Music of Heaven and Self-transformation: On Zhuang Zi's View on Relativism

现代哲学史家多将庄子归为相对主义者,但这种解释既与庄子在中国文化中的作用不相称,也与《庄子》的文本不合。本文通过对庄子哲学的中心概念"天"、"天籁"的考察,认为判庄子哲学为相对主义乃出于误读,这与庄子吊诡的言说方式易遭人误解有关,而更重要的是郭象的"独化说"所造成的影响,而郭注对于《齐物论》中"天籁"概念以及"自己"一词的解释是其关键。

For many modem scholars doing the history of Chinese philosophy, Zhuang Zi＇s philosophy is labeled as relativism, which, however, neither does justice to the positive role Zhuang Zi plays in Chinese culture, nor accords with the text of Zhuang Zi. By an examination of the central concepts in Zhuang Zi＇s philosophy such as tian （heaven） and tian lai （the music of heaven）, the present author argues that Zhuang Zi the relativist is a misreading, which is due partly to the paradoxical style of narration on the part of Zhuang Zi, but most importantly, is owing to the influence of Guo Xiang＇s self-transformation interpretation. The most decisive misunderstanding is the idea about tian lai and ＂emanating from itself.＂