汉英思维差异对翻译的制约与影响

Different Ways of Thinking in Chinese and English and Their Influences upon CE/EC Translation

语言与思维的关系是一种互相依存、互相作用的双向互动关系。翻译不仅是语言交际活动也是思维活动,既需要遵循语言规律也受思维规律的制约与影响。汉英两个民族的思维差异,如汉语民族注重悟性而英语民族注重理性、汉语民族注重主体意识而英语民族注重客体意识、汉语民族注重整体思维而英语民族注重个体思维、汉语民族注重形象思维而英语民族注重抽象思维、汉语民族注重综合思维而英语民族注重分析思维等,都在翻译活动中直接或间接地作用于译者,迫使译者寻求两种语言与思维之间的同一与契合。

The relationship between language and thinking is interdependent and interactive. Translation, which used to be regarded as a communication of language, is now proved to be a thinking process as well, and is thus under the influence and restriction of both language and thinking. Therefore, the different ways of thinking in Chinese and English, that is, the former tends to be more intuitive, subjective, holistic, synthetic and thinking in images while the latter to be more rational, objective, individual, analytical and logical, inevitably have an impact on translators during the translating.