农村居民对饮水降氟技术的认知行调查

AWARENESS OF DRINKING WATER DEFLUORIDATION AND CONSUMPTION OF DEFLUORIDATED DRINKING WATER AMONG RESIDENTS IN COUNTRYSIDE

[目的]通过调查农村居民对饮水氟危害、饮水降氟站的作用的认知情况以及低氟水饮用的情况,了解农村饮水降氟站的实际运行效能。[方法]选择天津已经建成并运行3年以上的饮水降氟站所在的15个村庄,每个村庄随机抽访10户以上,进行问卷调查,每户调查1位成年人。问卷除包括一般人口学项目外,主要有饮水高氟危害的知晓情况,对饮水降氟站作用的认同情况和饮用低氟水的情况。[结果]回收有效问卷168份。居民对氟危害知晓率为60.7%,对饮水降氟站可以使高氟水降为低氟水的认同率为83.3%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.354,P﹤0.001)。饮水高氟危害的知晓率与居民文化程度和性别有关。居民每户每月桶装低氟水消费量变幅较大,调查的168户中,有4.2%的家庭每月仅消费3桶,而4.8%的家庭每月消费8桶,70.2%的家庭每月消费5～6桶。以月消费3～8桶,5口之家计算,人均日饮用低氟水约0.4～1.0L。居民对不同降氟技术产生的降氟水的口感以电渗析水最可口,而对活性氧化铝口感较差。[结论]农村居民对饮水降氟知晓率较高,而实际饮用低氟水的量却偏少。

[Objective] To investigate the awareness of health effects of high fluoride drinking water, effectiveness of drinking water defluoridation station, application of defluoridated drinking water, and to explore the practical efficacy of drinking water defluoridation station. [ Methods ] Questionnaire investigation on demographic features, the awareness of health effects of high fluoride drinking water, effectiveness of drinking water defluoridation station, application of defluoridated drinking water was carried out among residents in 15 villages （1 adult every household and more than 10 households radomly sampled from 1 village）, where the drinking water defluoridation station had been operating for more than 3 years. [ Results] 168 qualified questionnires were collected. There was significant difference between the awareness rate of adverse health effects of high fluoride drinking water （60.7%） and the recognition rate of the efficacy of drinking water defluoridation station （83.3%） （x^2= 20.354, P 〈 0.001）. The awareness rate of adverse health effects of high fluoride drinking water was associated with knowledge and sex. Among 168 investigated households, consumption of barreled defluoridated drinking water variated from 3 barrels （4.2%） to 8 barrels （4.8%）, and was 5-6 barrels for 70.2% families in one month.Based on the average consumption of 3-8 barrels defluoridated drinking water per family per month, the average personal consumption in a five-people fantily was 0.4-1.0 liter. The defluoridated drinking water finished by electrodialysis techniques tasted better than those finished by other water treatment techniques, especially the activated alumina adsorption techniques. [ Conclusions] The awareness rate of drinking water defluoridation shows higher level, but the consumption of defluoridated drinking water is lower.