兰州市毛坯房内氨污染状况研究

INDOOR AMMONIA POLLUTION IN NEW BLANK HOUSES IN LANZHOU

[目的]调查毛坯房内氨污染状况,探讨室内氨污染来源以及建成时间、环境温度、相对湿度对室内氨水平的影响。[方法]选择兰州市40户建成时间为6个月和12个月左右的毛坯套房为研究对象,采用RT-3型氨检测仪对室内氨浓度进行检测。[结果]毛坯房内氨浓度均值为(0.147±0.129)mg/m3,超标率为20%。其中,氨浓度在≤0.10mg/m3、0.10mg/m3～0.20mg/m3和﹥0.20mg/m3范围内的套房分别占检测套房总数的37.5%、42.5%、20%。建成时间为6个月和12个月的毛坯房内氨浓度差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),建成时间越长,室内氨浓度水平越低。温度越高、相对湿度越低,氨释放越快,室内氨浓度越高。通风条件越差,室内氨水平越高。[结论]兰州市毛坯房室内氨污染严重,室内建筑材料可能是毛坯房内氨污染的主要来源。室内环境温度和相对湿度,通风状况等因素显著影响室内氨水平。

[Objective] To measure the concentration of indoor ammonia in new blank houses in Lanzhou and understand the status of indoor ammonia pollution, find out the source of indoor ammonia, explore the effects of indoor temperature, relative humidity and the built time of the houses on the concentratron of indoor ammonia. [ Methods] 40 new blank houses in Lanzhou with the built time of 6 months or 12 months were selected. Indoor ammonia was detected by RT-3 type ammonia monitor. [Results] The mean concentration of indoor ammonia was 0.147 mg/m^3. Out of the 40 new blank houses, 8 （20%） of them exceeded the national standard of 0.20 mg/m^3. The percentage of new blank houses with an ammonia concentration in the reference levels of ≤0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 〉 0.20 mg/m^3 was 37.5%, 42.5% and 20.0% respectively. Significant differences in indoor ammonia concentration were found between 6-month blank houses and 12-month houses （P 〈 0.05） . Ammonia concentration increased with the increase of indoor temperature and the decrease of relative humidity. [Conclusions] The concrete admixtures such as antifreezer in wall body are probably the chief source of indoor ammonia. Temperature and relative humidity affect the level of indoor ammonia. Regular ventilation is the most effective approach to eliminate indoor ammonia.