广州市孕妇营养知识、态度及饮食行为调查

SURVEY AND ANALYSIS ON NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE,ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN GUANGZHOU

[目的]了解广州市孕妇的营养知识、态度与饮食行为现况及其影响因素,为今后孕妇营养教育工作提供科学依据。[方法]采用问卷调查方法对广州市两所医院的169名孕妇进行调查。[结果]广州市孕妇对营养知识缺乏全面深入的了解,营养态度普遍较好。90%以上的孕妇每天都摄入粮谷类、蔬菜、水果;一半以上的孕妇每天都摄入奶及制品、蛋类、禽畜肉类;对豆及制品、鱼贝类的摄取一个月大于20d的孕妇亦超过一半;对菌藻、坚果类食物的摄取频率则较低,一个月超过20d的仅占19.1%和18.0%,几乎不吃的人数分别占17.9%和18.6%。营养KAP之间有明显正相关性,孕妇的营养KAP水平与其文化程度和丈夫职业呈正相关关系,孕妇希望获得营养信息的来源主要是医护人员和营养师指导(53.6%)。[结论]目前孕妇人群的营养知识和饮食行为有待改善,建议利用孕妇营养态度普遍较好的有利条件,提高医护人员的营养知识技能水平,在利用公共传媒的基础上加强有医务人员参与的咨询和讲座的力度,营养教育的内容重点在大力宣讲食物的营养价值及推荐合理的膳食结构,通过加强孕妇及家人的营养教育促进母子健康。

[Objective] To investigate the levels of nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice （KAP） of pregnant women in Guangzhou and the influencing factors, so as to provide scientific evidence for developing nutrition education programs for pregnant women in future. [Methods] A questionnaire survey about nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice （KAP） was carried out among 169 pregnant women in two hospitals of Guangzhou. [Results] Most subjects lacked a overall understanding of nutritional knowledge and had some unhealthy dietary practices. However, they held a positive attitude towards nutrition, and desired to acquire more knowledge of nutrition and health. The educational levels of pregnant women and occupations of their husbands had positive correlation with the levels of nutritional KAP. They hoped they could obtain more professional knowledge from medical staff and dietitians （53.6%）. [Conclusions] It is suggested that more nutrition education should be implemented by taking acceptable measures for pregnant women and their families, so as to make them know mote nutritional knowledge and take healthy dietary practices.