SubTOPMODEL模块构建及其在清水河的应用

Development and Application of SubTOPMODEL Module in the Qingshui River Basin in South Piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains

在TOPMODEL模型原理及其特点的基础上,结合塔里木河流域的雪冰水文特点,构建subTOPMODEL子模块,并与TOPMODEL模型松散耦合,以完善TOPMODEL模型。并把模型应用于垂直地带性明显,雪冰融水为重要补给的清水河流域,对原模型、改进模型、实测值的两两比较表明,模拟结果走型匹配较好,但由于在高强度降雨情况下,超渗地面径流对洪峰贡献很大,而TOPMODEL模型基于变源产流面积理论,没有充分考虑超渗地面径流,计算主洪峰流量明显小于实测流量;改进模型的模拟效率系数为0.738,效率系数结果提高度不是令人满意,仅提高了0.051,但其春冬季节细微表现证实改进模型的有效性。

Based on the principle and characteristics of topmodel and the integrated ice-snow hydrologic features in the Tarim River basin, in this paper a subtopmodel module and a topmodel are developed and coupled with the topmodel physically reflecting the heterogeneity of the drainage basin to some extent. The model is applied to study the hydrological regime in the Qingshui River basin mainly recharged by ice-snow melt water and with an obvious vertical zonality. The daily runoff volume in the drainage basin is simulated and analyzed, and the simulated results accord well with the measured values although the simulated main flood peak is lower than the measured one. These reveal that a high proportion of stream water is generated from the saturated headwaters, but the infiltration of heavy rainfall is not considered. The model parameters are calibrated using the response surfaces estimated with the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency criteria. The result show that the simulation efficiency coefficient of the improved model is 0. 738 and is only increased by 0. 051, but the subtopmodel can be effectively used in simulating the daily runoff volume in spring and winter. Moreover, the DEM data and the step length used in the simulation are 300 m - 300 m and day respectively, and the effective simulated results can be referred in simulating the hydrological regime in the Tarim River basin.