新疆棉花生长中期低温冷害指标的初步研究

Study on the Indexes of Low Temperature and Chilling Injury in the Metaphase of Cotton Growth in the Main Cotton-growing Regions in Xinjiang

分析不同棉区严重气候减产年的地膜棉花中期发育进程、气象条件以及夏季(6~8月)冷害年对新疆棉花产量的影响。结果表明:当石河子棉区6月平均气温距平≤-0.5℃,阿克苏、喀什棉区5~6月气温持续偏低且月气温距平均≤-0.5℃时,棉花的开花日期滞后,其中喀什棉区棉花开花期比常年晚5天以上、石河子棉区和阿克苏棉区晚3天以上,这就出现了一般气候减产年。或当6~8月中至少有2个月的月气温为负距平、且6~8月的平均气温距平在0^-0.4℃之间时,3大棉区中近70%的年份可能出现一般气候减产年;而当6~8月的温度距平均为负值,且其平均气温距平≤-0.5℃时,3大棉区70%以上的年份可能出现严重的气候减产年。

Based on the study results of meteorological conditions in the years when cotton yield in three main cotton-growing regions in Xinjiang was reduced, in this paper the cotton growth and the meteorological conditions in the metaphase of cotton growth are analyzed. Moreover, the effects of meteorological conditions in the years when low temperature and chilling injury occur in summer on the cotton yield in the main cotton-growing regions and its meteorological indexes are discussed. The results reveal that the cotton yield is possibly reduced when the anomaly of monthly temperature in June is ≤- 0.5 ℃ in the Shihezi region, that in May and June in the Aksu and Kashgar regions is ≤ - 0.5 ℃, and the cotton florescence is delayed longer than 5 days in the Kashgar region and 3 days in the Shihezi and Aksu regions. Moreover, the cotton yield in the main cotton-growing regions is possibly reduced in 70 % of the years when the anomaly of monthly temperature during the period from June to August varies in a range of 0-0.4℃, and a serious cotton yield reduction occurs possibly in 70% of the years when the anomaly of monthly temperature during the period from June to August is ≤ - 0.5 ℃in the main cotton-growing regions in Xinjiang.