沙漠地区风沙活动特征——以中国科学院风沙观测场为例

Features of Sand Drift Movement in Desert——A Case Study at Sand Drift Observation Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences

运用中国科学院风沙科学观测场的实测资料，对腾格里沙漠风沙环境特征进行初步分析，内容包括起沙风、风沙活动强度、风沙流结构和沙漠边界层的风速廓线。该地区的起沙风以6～8m／s为主，占总起沙风的71．63％，其次为8～10m／s，占19．24％，两者之和占90．87％；大风日数为4天；风向以W—N组风向为主；占全年的53．14％。年输沙势为36．56VU，风能属于低风能环境，单一主风向和单风态风环境。风沙流主要集中在地表的0．1m，占总输沙量的95．46％。观测场近地层厚度大于50m。

In this paper, a case study about the sand drift environment in the Tengger Desert is carried out based on the measured data of sand drift movement at Sand Drift Observation Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the study contents include the sand-raising wind speed and direction, intensity and flux profile of sand drift, and wind profile of the boundary layer over the desert. The results show that the sand-raising winds in this region are dominated by wind speed varying in a range of 6-8 m/s, and then by wind speed varying in a range of 8-10 m/s, they occupy 71.63 % and 19.24 % of the total sand-raising winds respectively. The maximum monthly average wind speed occurs in March, and it is 9.16 m/s. The days of occurring strong wind are 4 days. Wind directions are dominated by W-N, and their proportion is 53.14 % of the total. The annual sand drift potential is 36.56 VU, and the wind energy is low. The flux profile can be expressed by using the exponential function, the drifting sand is mainly blown within a height of 10 cm above ground surface, and the proportion of blown sand in this layer occupies 95.46 % of the total collected sand. The height of sand drift over the station is higher than 50 m above ground surface.