地方社会与国家的跨地方互补——光绪十三年黄河郑州决口与晚清义赈的新发展

The Trans-local Cooperation Between the Local Society and the State——The Flooding of the Yellow River at Zhengzhou in Guangxu 13^(th) and the New Development of Charity Relief in Late Qing

光绪十三年(1887年)黄河在郑州决口,是铜瓦厢改道后最大的一次黄河水灾。对于此次水灾期间的赈灾事务,学界以往甚少注意。实际上,此时以江南绅商为主体的民间力量自发组织动员的义赈活动,不仅承担了此次赈务中的很大一部分工作,而且是整个晚清义赈机制发展到一个新阶段的标志,其实践逻辑甚至还可以帮助我们推进此前关于地方史研究取向中国家与社会的关系的反思。

In 1887, the Yellow River flooded at Zhengzhou, and this event led to the greatest flood of the Yellow River after the burst at Tongwaxiang in 1855. Up to now, scholars pay little attention to the famine relief work during this flood. In this time, it is notable that the charity relief was organized and mobilized by nor-official power with the gentry-merchants of Jiangnan as the center. The charity relief not only undertook the large part of the relief work,but also marked a new development of the system of the charity relief in late Qing as a whole, and its practical logic even can help us to rethink further the relations between the state and the society that were formatted in the approach of a local history.