否认服务是生产劳动的若干理由辨析

An Argument with Certain Reasoning for Disagreement with the Preposition that Service is a Kind of Productive Labor

一些学者否认服务劳动是生产劳动的理由主要有四:一是马克思在论述一般劳动过程中的生产劳动时强调了生产劳动的物质规定性;二是马克思在《经济学手稿》论述资本主义生产时,说过"服务不是生产劳动;"三是绝大多数学者认为马克思所谓的生产劳动的补充定义或第二定义是指"生产物质产品;"四是在社会主义条件下用是否生产价值作为判断生产劳动与非生产劳动的标准,并认为服务是不创造价值的。本文的分析表明,这些理由都是值得商榷的。

There are four main reasons for some scholars to disagree that service is kind of productive labor： firstly, Marx emphasized the nature of substance of the productive labor when discussing the productive labor in the process of common labor; secondly, Marx once said that, ＂Service is not a kind of productive labor＂ when he elaborated on the capitalism production in Manuscripts of Economics; thirdly, most scholars hold that the complementary definition or second definition of the productive labor termed by Marx is ＂productive material product＂; fourthly, under the socialism conditions, the criterion for judging the productive or non-productive labor is whether there is productive value and service can not create value. This paper argues that these reasons are all debatable.